Özet: Genceli Nizami, ünlü Azerbaycan alimlerinin eserlerinde daima dikkat merkezinde olmuş, bu dahi şairin mirasına zaman zaman başvurulmuştur.
Azerbaycan’ın görkemli doğubilimcilerinden Rüstem Aliyev’in Nizami’nin milli mensubiyeti, ait olduğu kuşak, Farsça yazmasının nedenleri, Nizami yaratıcılığında tarih anlayışı, dahi şairin sanatsal tutum meselelerine aydınlıq getiren en ciddi araştırmalardan sayılabilir.
Alimin Nizami yaratıcılığına hasredilmiş ciddi bilimsel merak doğuran araştırmalarında Türk güzeli karakterinden geniş bilimsel tahlil esasında söz edilir.
Başka bir edebiyatbilimci Cevad Heyet, Nizami’nin etklendiği kaynakları, aynı zamanda kendisinden sonraki edebiyata etkisi meselelerini araştırma konusuna çevirir. Yaşar Karayev ve Gulamhüseyin Begdili’nin makaleleri ise şairin yaratıcılğının çeşitli aşamalarının yeni bağlamda araştırılmasına ayrılmıştır.
Xülasə: Folklorik Saray və Xan Çoban hekayəsində cinsiyyət rollarının araşdırılmasında cinsiyyətlər arası simvolik qarşılıqlı əlaqə nəzəriyyəsi əsas alınmışdır. Bu nəzəriyyəyə görə, fərdlərin sosiallaşması uzun bir proses olub, xalın davranışlarını cəmiyyətin normaları ilə birləşdirir. Bu sahədə folklorik hekayələr böyük əhəmmiyyət daşıyır. Çünkü bir yandan müxtəlif və zəngin materillar sunmaqla birlikdə dil öyrənməyi asanlaşdırır, digər yandan da qadınların fitrətinə, cinsiyyətlə bağlı verilən mesajlara və cinsiyyət davranışlarına özündə yer verir. Araşdırmada bu suallara cavab axtarılmışdır: 1- Davranış göstəriciləri baxımından Saray və Xan Çoban hekayəsində hansı cinsiyyət davranışları mövcuddur? 2- Əlaqə növləri və fiziki görünüş açısından bu hekayəni rivayət edənlər kişiliəri və qadınları necə təsvir etmişlər? 3- Qadınların və kişilərin vəfadarlıqları necə göstərilmişdir? Bu hekayədəki cinsiyyət rolları; davranış göstəriciləri, əlaqə örnəkləri, fiziki görünüş və güc qaynaqlarına görə bəlirlənmiş və rivayət təhlili metodu vasitəsi ilə hekayənin özəllikləri incələnmişdir.
Araşdırma nəticəsində aydın olmuşdur ki, hekayədə 1- kişilər daha rəqabətçi, daha məntiqli, daha açıqsözlü, daha ehtiraslı, daha qorxmaz və daha çox təhlükəsizliyi qoruyan insanlar olaraq təsvir olunmuşlar və özlərinə olan güvənlərini gördükləri işlərlə yüksəldirlər. 2- Həm kişilər, həm də qadınlar duyğularını açıqca ifadə edirlər və yalnız qadınların zahiri görünüşü haqqında danışılır. 3- Vəfadarlıq qavramı qadınların məsələsidir, kişilər üçün keçərli deyil.
Açar sözlər: Cinsiyyət rolları, Azərbaycan folkloru, Saray və Xan Çoban hekayəsi.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine how gender roles were depicted in a selected Azerbaijani Folktale named Saray and Khan Choban. This study was based on the symbolic interaction theory of gender which suggests that socialization of people into society is a lifelong process that integrates people’s behavior to the norms of society. The significance of this study in one hand was derived from the importance of folktales which foster language learning by providing rich and varied content and on the hand the nature of women in these folktales and the messages that are sent about gender and gender role behavior. The study’s research questions were: 1. According to behavioral characteristics, what gender roles did each character have in the story? 2. According to the communication patterns, physical appearance and sources of power, how men and women are shown by the narratives? 3. How the loyalty of men and women is depicted in this folktale? The study’s research questions explored the gender roles from behavioral characteristics, communication patterns, physical appearance and sources of power. Using narrative analysis techniques, the folktale was analyzed for the specific traits in each category. The study showed that 1. Men are more competitive, rational, direct, ambitious, provider of security, fearless, and they get self-esteem from their deeds. On the other hand, women are more emotional, people oriented and gentle 2. Both men and women discuss their feelings freely and just women are talked about their appearance 3. The concept of “loyalty” is a women concern and it has nothing to do with men.
Keywords: Gender Roles, Azerbaijani Folklore, Saray & Khan Choban.
چکیده: هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی نقشهای جنسیتی در داستان فولکلوریک سارای و خان چوبان است. این مطالعه بر اساس نظریه تعامل سمبلیک جنسیت صورت گرفته است. این نظریه پیشنهاد میکند که اجتماعیسازی افراد در جامعه، یک فرایند طولانی مدت است که رفتار مردم را با هنجارهای جامعه ادغام میکند. اهمیت این موضوع از یک طرف به اهمیت داستانهای فولکلوریک باز میگردد که با ایجاد مطالب متنوع و غنی، آموزش زبان را تسهیل میکنند و از طرف دیگر به فطرت زنان در این داستانهای فولکلوریک و پیامهایی که درباره جنسیت و رفتار نقش جنسیتی میفرستند باز میگردد. سئوالات این تحقیق عبارت بودند از:
ا. از دیدگاه مشخصههای رفتاری، هر شخصیت در داستان سارای و خان چوبان چه نقشهای جنسیتیای در بر داشت؟ 2. بر حسب الگوهای ارتباطی و ظاهر فیزیکی، راویان داستان سارای و خان چوبان چگونه مردان و زنان را نمایش دادهاند؟ 3. وفاداری زنان و مردان چگونه در این داستان بیان شده است؟
نقشهای جنسیتی در این داستان از طریق مشخصههای رفتاری، الگوهای ارتباطی، ظاهر فیزیکی و منابع قدرت مشخص شده و با استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل روایی، ویژگیهای خاص در این داستان فولکلوریک بطور دستهای مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. این مطالعه نشان داد که 1. مردان رقابتیتر، منطقیتر، رکتر، بلندپروازتر، نترس و ایجادکننده امنیت هستند و عزت نفس خود را از طریق اعمالشان بالا میبرند.2. هم مردان و هم زنان احساسات خود را آزادانه بیان میکنند و فقط در مورد ظاهر زنان سخن رانده میشود. 3. مفهوم “وفاداری” یک دغدغه زنانه است و با مردان کاری ندارد.
کلیدواژهها: نقشهای جنسیتی، فولکلور آذربایجانی، داستان سارای و خان چوبان.
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Faranak AQAEI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3380-2857
Araştırmacı, Yüksek Lisans
E-Posta: faranak.aqaei@gmail.com
Yazı Bilgisi:
Alındığı Tarih: 9 Haziran 2021
Yayına Kabul edildiği tarih: 2 Temmuz 2021
E-yayın tarihi: 30 Eylül 2021
Çıktı sayfa sayısı: 36
Kaynak sayısı: 76
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